Odysseus and Gawain Temptations Essay

Sir Gawain is a noble knight of the Round Table who faced the consequences of accepting a challenge from a â€Å"Green Knight†. In order to find a solution to his problem, Sir Gawain ventured into an adventure full of tests and temptations. On the other hand, Odysseus is a legendary Greek king, ruler of Ithaca, and Homer’s epic hero. Odysseus and his men experienced one of their greatest adventures on their way home to Ithaca. Their journey back home was troubled and filled with obstacles and temptations. Sir Gawain and Odysseus, two great men of their respective stories, fought against almost the same temptations. More particularly, these male protagonists fought against the temptations and sexual prowess of women. Despite being great men of their caliber, they still became victims to the charm and alluring beauty of their antagonists. However, their varied personality, convictions and approaches or intensity of desires created the difference in the outcome for these two epic protagonists. The core theme in the poem â€Å"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight†, translated by Marie Borroff, illustrates the tests which measured Sir Gawain’s compliance to the code of chivalry. Sir Gawain had to face temptations or tests of moral virtue; archetypal temptation fable that can be greatly observed in this medieval literature. The hardest temptation which he had to deal with was the temptation of his mistress. During the hunt, the hunter looks and hunts the deer to serve as a staple of diet or a food to satisfy an individual. Corresponding, the Lord’s wife is the hunter and she considers and looks at Sir Gawain as an art. She tells him, â€Å"be with me as you will (and) I am well content† (Borroff, 1215). The lady â€Å"hunts† Sir Gawain based on her carnal desire by making an utterly sexual temptation over Sir Gawain. In addition to this, she says â€Å"for I surrender myself and sue for grace and that is best, I believe and behooves me now† (Borroff, 1216-1217). In this manner, Sir Gawain is viewed as a deer from the eyes of a hunter, or in the eyes of his Lady. Another temptation includes the law of chivalry and the rule or conception about courtly love which Sir Gawain had to honor. In respect to this rule, Sir Gawain had to show great reverence to his Lady and follow or do whatever his Lady wishes of him. Sir Gawain made a promise to his host that he would give whatever he receives or achieves in a particular day. On that same day, the damsel tempts Sir Gawain and gives him a girdle. Due to this incident, a dilemma arises where Sir Gawain must keep it or give gift it to the host. Fearing death, Sir Gawain dealt with it by hiding the girdle and fulfilling his duties by honoring the lady’s demands. However, this caused him to break the promise he made with his host. Ultimately, Sir Gawain finds out that the â€Å"Green Knight† is actually his host. Sir Gawain tried his best in making a good decision or outcome and endeavored in attaining his objective. However, he was not successful in becoming virtuous. Ultimately, Gawain’s weakness resulted to his downfall and made him feel that he had lost his honor, as well as his duties. On the other hand, the main theme in Odyssey, particularly in the adventures of Odysseus is the discussion of his nostos which was delayed because of the actions of Ajax. Again, in the story of Odysseus or generally in Odyssey, the female characters serve as symbols of temptation. Calypso, a nymph, had a tremendous sex appeal which caught Odysseus into her arms, preventing him from continuing his journey home. Sexual prowess, instead of brute force, was used in order to make Odysseus stay. He was only released due to the intervention of Zeus. Aside from Calypso, there was Circe who was also a female trickster. Circe fooled Odysseus’s men and turned them into swine by drugging their beer. The drug didn’t work for Odysseus, so instead, she used her charm and lured Odysseus into her bed. In this part, bodily temptation was used against Odysseus, who in return gives in. Consequently, their journey home was delayed for another year. After being released and on their journey home, Odysseus and his men was able to meet another archetype of female temptation namely the Sirens. The Sirens captivated Odysseus with their enchanting and very attractive songs. Again, Odysseus gives in to the temptation making him mad with desire. Odysseus’ men helped him in fighting the Siren’s charm and temptations by tying him to the ship rail. Without the help of his men, Odysseus might have already died for crashing his ship on the rocks. However, unlike Sir Gawain, Odysseus’s strong conviction of going home made him stay on his track. Despite being enchanted by Calypso to make him love her, he only shared his tears. Moreover, despite being bribed with sex and attractive women, his heart still beats and yearns for home. Lastly, the love which he felt for his wife Penelope, made him stronger and more fervent to go home. Due to this difference, it can be said that the yearning heart of Odysseus is kept safe from the tainted hands of those alluring and tempting seductresses. In addition to this, because of these differences as well as the manner of how they dealt with their problem, regardless of being two great hero seduced with the same, ironically, these male protagonists experienced different results.

Child development Essay

WHAT HAVE YOU LEARNED? Body Changes 1. The study of human development is a science because it depends on theories, data, analysis, critical thinking, and sound methodology just like every other science. 2. The five steps of the scientific method are: 1) begin with curiosity 2) develop a hypothesis 3) test the hypothesis 4) draw conclusions 5) report the results. 3. The research on SIDS illustrates the replication and application of the science of child development by repeating the study and using different participants from other cultures. 4. Known: – birth order did not matter – other factors can increase the risk -sleeping position mattered -back sleeping reduced SIDS Unknown: – if its genetics. – why it still occurs 5. Nature refers to the influence of the genes that people inherit. Nurture refers to environmental influences, beginning with the health and diet of the embryo’s mother and continuing lifelong, including family, school, culture, and society. Brain Development 6. 7. Exaggeration of human sex differences is distortions that develop mentalists seek to avoid. People tend to notice differences and jump to conclusion that something important is lacking. 8. 9. 10. People from several groups can share a culture because it is a system of shared beliefs, conventions, norms, behaviors, expectations and symbolic representations that persist over time; it is a powerful social construction. 11. The term race has been used to categorize people on the basis of physical differences, particularly outward appearance. The term ethnic groups are people whose ancestors were born in the same region and who often share a language, culture, and religion. 12. SES reflects family income, but not income alone. The education and occupation of the head of the household, or of both parents, and sometimes the average education or income of the other residents of the neighborhood, also used to determine SES. Improved Motor Skills 13. 14. 15. The implied view of human development is an ongoing, ever changing interaction between the physical, cognitive, and psychosocial influence. The crucial understanding is that development is never static but is always affected by, and affects, many systems of development. Injuries and Abuse 16. It is more accurate to consider the system of development rather than each part in isolation because just like the way the natural world changes over time, the human growth follows diverse patterns and paces. 17. Bronfenbrenner emphasize in his ecological systems approach that develop mentalists must consider all the systems that surround each person, just as a naturalist examines the ecology of each organism, considering the interrelationships between it and its environment. 18. All persons born within a few years of one another are said to be the same cohort. Members of each cohort are affected by the values, events, technologies, and culture of their era. 19. The biosocial development includes all the growth and change that occur in a person’s body and the genetic, nutritional, and health  factors that affect that growth and change. The cognitive development includes all the mental processes that a person uses to obtain knowledge or to think about the environment. The psychosocial development includes development of emotions, temperament, and social skills. 20. Scientific observation requires researchers to record behavior systematically and objectively, using behavioral definitions and timed data. The experiment is the research method that scientists use to establish cause. 21. Experimenters use a control group as well as an experimental group to find out whether an independent variable affects the dependent variable. 22. Using independent and dependent variables make it easier to learn what causes what because the researcher can conclude how the independent variable caused whatever changes occurred in the dependent variable. 23. 24. 25.

Law for Manager Essay

The partnership act 1890 governs the relationship of the persons and the outside world. And in respect of dissolution; if there is no partnership agreement, the partnership act set out the rights and duties of the partners. Such rights and duties (by act or agreement) may be varies by the consent of all partners. (S 19). ‘The relation which subsists between persons carrying on a business in common with a view to profit. ’ Under S24 (5) ‘in common’ means every partner has a say in the firm. The members are only liable for their subscription unless the partnership agreement says otherwise. Saywell V Rope [1979] the wives are not in the partnership as no evidence suggested. ‘Person’ includes a corporation as well as individuals. Companies can enter partnership. ‘With a view to profit’ means certain organisations are excluded. E. g. club or society has no view to profit. Pitreavie Golf Club V Penman [1934] creditor sue under partnership, held, Club’s motivation was to allow member to play not share in profit. ‘Business’ included every trade, occupation and profession. Keith Spicer Ltd V Mansell [1970] Claimant sue the partnership for debt owned, held, there were no partnership so claim failed. Because def carrying on business with no view to profit. It is important to determine whether a partnership exists. For tax reason. When acting in the course of business, the company will bind the other partners to outsiders. S. 24 right to share in profit, management, duties and faith since the arrangement is uberrimae fidei. S. 35 dissolution. If not acting in good faith then the court can dissolve the partnership. S. 28 duty to disclose, bond to render true account of all things affecting the partnership to any partners or their legal representatives. Law V Law [1905] – After the sales agreement there is a partnership asset that was not hidden from the account. But W had lost the right to avoid the contract as he takes the money while knowing disclosure had not made. Held: the agreement to sell shares is avoidable. The contract may be verbally, written or in deed. Basic: A partnership is not a company since it is not incorporated; therefore it has no legal personality separate from its members. Partnership may be implied by conduct where a ‘person holds himself out’ as being a partner. Then he will be liable for the debt incurred S. 4 Under the Rules of the Supreme Court 1965, the partners may be sued in the firm’s name. In KHAN & OTHERS V MIAH & OTHERS [2000] HL confirmed that partnership begins at the point of agreement, not the point when the trading starts. S. 5 each partner is an agent for the firm, has the power to bind the firm by his conduct. The partner is agent as far as he’s acting on the firm’s ordinary activities. Mercantile Credit Co V Garrod [1962] – G was sleeping partner and partnership agreement prohibited the sale of cars which P did. Held: G was bound by contract by virtue of S. making the contract was the doing of an ‘act for carrying on in the usual way business kind carried on by the firm. ’ S 29 (1) every partner must account to the firm for any benefit made by him from any transaction concerning the partnership, it property, name or business connection. Bentley V Craven [1853] C brought products at low price but sell them to the firm at wholesale rate. Held: C can’t retain the profit from these transaction and profit need to hand to the firms. C had used partnership asset, his position to make profit. No person may be introducing as a partner without the consent of all partners. Consent is implied by the other partner when they sign the article. Any different concerning the running of the business, it must be resolved by a majority vote of the partners. If a fundamental change is proposed, requires consent of all partners. S. 9 every partner is liable jointly with the other partner for all debts and obligation of the firm. The civil liability Act 1978 provided that judgement recovered against any person liable jointly with another, shall not be an action brought against the other. Business name. The firm’s name can’t be used to fraudulently imply that the business is identical with another business. A person’s business suffers in the same name/similar name may bring a ‘passing off’ action and obtain an injunction stopping the defendant. ANNABEL’S (BERKELEY SQUARE) Ltd . VG. SCHOEK[1972] S. 30 If any partner without the consent of the others, carries on business of the same nature as and competing with that of the firm, he must account for and pay over all profits made in that business. In the absence of any agreement to the contrary, a partner can carrying a non-competing business which does not involve the use of the firm’s property. Croft V Day [1843] Mr Day uses the same trade name as the other in the same street. Held: the injunction was granted preventing the new firm from trading under the name Day and Martin, the intention of the new firm was to deceive the public. Under S. 34 it is a c riminal offence for a partnership to use the word ‘limited or ‘ltd’ in its name. Partnership agreement terms: Name of partners; Date on the start and end of the partnership; How profit and loss being shared; How much may each partner draw monthly; At which bank the partner maintain its account; Principal asset; Submission of disputes to arbitration; The partnership is based on agreement and they are free to alter them. S. 9 say the decision may be made unanimously; a partnership can’t be formed for an illegal purpose. Types of partnership: 1) General partner takes active role in the daily management and has share in the loss and profit. 2) Sleeping partner contributes capital, take share in profit and liable for debt. But he does not take part in daily management. 3) A partner by holding out is not a true partner in the firm. He’s liable for financial obligation of the firm. MARTYN V GRAY [1863] Under S. 14 a person can become liable for debt if he by word or conduct represent or other to represent that he’s a partner. E. g. his name on the firm’ letter. ) Salaried partner is an employee becomes ‘holding out’, he received salary and bonus depends on the profit. The 1890 Act does not deal with them. 4) LLP is a member under the LLP Act 2000. Change of partners. The death of the partner may dissolve the partnership, but the agreement should allow the partnership continue between the other partners. On the death of the partner, the estate is not liable for debts incu rred after his death, even if the creditor was unaware of his death. S 17 (1) New partners are not liable for debts before they joint the partnership. The right to sue a new partner may be acquired by novation. Where an agreement between the creditor; the new agreement and the old firm is made, and the original contract is therefore discharged, and the new firm is accepting the liability for the debt. Byrne V Reid [1902] the claimant can introduce his son as partner when they are 21, held, other partner could not refuse because this is layout in the partnership agreement. The retirement of a partner: S. 17(2) He may be discharged from any existing liability by agreement (novation) between him, the firm and the creditors. Creditors are not force to accept novation and may still regard the retiring partner as liable for debt. The retiring partner can get compensation from the other partner. Under S. 36, the retiring partner will be liable for debt if: 1)To person dealt before his retirement unless given written notice that he’s no longer a partner or 2)To person who had no previous dealing with the firm before but know the composition before retirement. Unless the retirement person has given notice or had advertised in the London Gazette. Such notice is effective without consent. Liability for wrongs: 1)S 10 provides that any wrongful act or omission of any partner acting in the course of the business or with authority of co-partners. Any loss or injury is caused to person which is not a partner. The firm is liable to the same extent as the partner committing the wrong. This liability is jointly and several. 2) In HAMLYN V HOUSTON & Co [1905] a firm was liable to compensate a claimant where one of the partners had bribed a clerk employed by the claimant in order to obtain information about a rival’s business. 3) The firm will be vicariously liable for the torts committed by its employees in the course of their employment. 4) Lloyd V Grace, Smith & Co [1912]. Advantages of partnership: Uphold of capital, being responsible, share expertise, share resources, share profit and flexibility. Disadvantages of partnership: Conflict, jointly and severally liability, sharing debt/loss. Differences: 1) A company is a type of corporation, registered under company legislation. Company act 2006. The members of the company may have limited liability. The company’s debt belongs to the company not the shareholders, even if the company is insolvent. 2) A partnership is ‘the relationship which subsists between persons carrying a business with a view to profit. ’ S 1 Partnership act 1890. It’s an unincorporated association, having no separate legal personality from the partners. It may have firm’s name but not corporate status. Partners are responsible for the acts of the firm. Partners have unlimited liability and responsible for partnership’s debt. 3) LLP is registered at the companies’ house and received a certificate of incorporation. LLP is corporate bodies having separate personality from their members. LLP is personally liable to the third party for wrongful acts and might be liable in the insolvency. They are tax as partnership, flexible, trading disclose, accounting and filing similar to the company. They can also lend and raise floating charge. Perpetual succession 1) A company has perpetual succession; it is not affected by the death of the shareholders or change ownership of its shares. It continues to exist until it wound up by court/its members. 2) A partnership may be terminated on the death, retirement, bankruptcy or insanity of a partner. 3) LLP is incorporated, so not affected by the death etc. of a partner. His share may be inherited but the beneficiary will not be able to take part in management, only share in profit. A company has separate legal personality from its members. Salomon V Salomon & Co [1897], Lee V Lee’s air farm Ltd [1961], Macaura V Northern Insurance [1925], Cox V Coulsons [1916] – An actor shoot an audience in accident and claimant sue for damage in the partnership of the theatre (def) and theatrical company. Held: def is not in partnership with the actors company so not liable, neither of them are agent. Corporate veil can be lifted where there’s evidence of fraud/illegality. Gilford Motor Co V Horne [1933], Daimler Co Ltd V Continental Tyre Co [1916] (War time), Chandler V Cape Plc. Civil law-compensation; Criminal law –retribution/punishment. Lift corporate veil to target parent company; but difficult, usually subsidiary. Ownership; Separate ownership and management in a company; Small company has ownership and management in the hands of CEO; in a partnership there’s unity of ownership and control. All partners have right to management. Accounts; Company accounts have to be laid before the general meeting, published and audited. They are open to public inspection; Partnership accounts are not subject to public inspection and no need audited; LLP account need auditor’s report and have be sent annually to company’s house and to each member. Tax liability; Corporation tax paid on company’s profit, income tax by shareholders on dividend; Income tax is paid by partners as self-employed; LLP are tax as partnership. Shares. 1) Shares in listed companies re freely transferable. Private companies may impose restriction on transferring oh shares. Company can issue shares of different class with right attached to the shares. 2) A partners share is not freely transferable. New partner can be introduced with consent of all partners. In the absence of agreement, all partners have equal rights regarding the firm’s affairs and shares in capital, profit and losses. 3) a member of LLP may leave by agreement or by given notice. (S. 43 of the 2000 act) The firm is not dissolving on the departure of the member so no shares in the LLP’s assets. Unless agreement provides otherwise. Formalities: 1) To form a company requires registration to be complied with payment of fees. During lifetime of the company there are administrative formalities to be complied. Certain information (change of article/special resolution) need to submit to registrar. Information about a company’s affairs is readily available at company’s house or company’s registered office.  This also applies to LLP. 2) The formation of partnership has no legal requirement to be complied. But the business names act 1985 applies the partnership being based on agreement between the partners. No requirement for partnership except those affecting the business. E. g. registration for VAT, return of profit from HMRC. The public has no right to access material concerning partnership affairs. 3) LLP required submitting an annual return and accounts to companies’ house and keeping accounts in accordance with company legislation and daily records disclosing the financial position of the firm. The veil of incorporation, it was established in Salomon that a registered company is a legal person separate from its members. This principle may be referred to as ‘the veil of incorporation’. In general the law will not go behind the separate personality of the company to its members. Restated by Lightman J in Acatos and Hutcheson Plc V Watson [1995]. Principle of separate identity should be upheld unless there was a specific statutory provision or some other contractual term or common law principle to the contrary. Therefore, when the company is incorporated the veil of incorporation comes down, giving the company a separate legal personality from its members. Fraudulent trading, S. 213 of the insolvency act 1986: 1) If it appears that ‘any business of the company has been carried on with intent to defraud creditors of the company or of any other person, or for any fraudulent. 2) Purpose ‘it may order that ‘any persons who were knowingly parties to the carrying on of the business in the manner above mentioned are to be liable to make contributions to the company’s assets as the court thinks proper. 3) S. 993 CA 2006 Criminal offences of fraudulent trading. 3) High standard of proof. S213 of the IA 1986 provides that if in the winding up of a company it appears that the business has been carried on with the intent to defraud creditors or for any fraudulent purpose, the court, on the application of the liquidator, may declare that any persons who were knowingly parties to the fraudulent trading shall make such contributions to the company’s assets as the court thinks fit. ) S214 of the IA 1986 provides that where the liquidator of a company can show that D prior to liquidation, knew or ought to have known that there was no reasonable prospect that the company could avoid insolvent liquidation, and did not take steps to minimise the loss to creditors, the court may require D to make personal contribution to the company’s assets. Does not have to be dishonest, unreasonable behaviour or negligence. Reproduce Marketing Consortium Ltd [1989] Company become insolvent Ds directors were not dishonest but failed to take action. Held: the directors know that liquidation will occur, but fail to minimise loss during the disposal of assets. 5) S216 of the IA 1986 provides a criminal offence is committed. Directors or shadow directors during the 12 months prior to the company’s insolvent liquidation who concerns himself during the next 5 yrs in the formation or management of the business with a name similar to the earlier company. S 217 imposes personal liability on such a person for the debts and liabilities of the second company. Ricketts V AD Valorem Factors [2003]. ) Under S15 of the Company directors disqualification Act 1986, a person who has been disqualified continue acting in the management of a company will b e liable for the debts of the company contracted during that period. He can be guilty of a criminal offence under S13. Lifting the veil 1) Disqualified director. S. 15 of the company directors disqualification Act 1986, where disqualified from being a directors in contravention of disqualification. D liable for all debts of the company which were incurred when he was so acting. The same applies to the person who knowingly acts on the instructions of a disqualified person. ) S. 122(1) of the Insolvency Act 1986 petition to wind up a company on the grounds above. That it would be just and equitable to do so. For instance the court might look into why the company was formed. 3) Company name: S349 companies act 1985. E. g. directors or secretary issues or signs on behalf of the company, a bill of exchange or order for goods under the company’s name incorrectly stated; they are liable if the company defaults. 4) Penrose V Martyr [1858]-a company’s secretary accepts a ‘bill’ drawn on the company’s name on which the name was incorrectly written. The company defaulted. Held: The secretary was personally liable. 5) Trading certificate. Where no certificate has been obtained to enable a public company to commence trading, the directors commit a criminal offence and are personally liable to indemnify the other party for loss if the company defaults. However, failure to obtain the certificate does not affect the validity of any contract. Judgement. It is difficult to be precise about the circumstances when a judge will be prepared to lift the veil of incorporation. In Wolfson V Strathclyde Regional Council [1978] the COA laid down the principal that it is only permissible for a court to lift the veil where ‘special circumstances exist indicating that the company is a mere facade concealing the true facts. Gilford Motor Company Ltd V Horne [1933], Jones V Lipman [1962], DHN Ltd V Strathclyde RC [1978], Adams V Cape Industries Plc and Another [1991]. Judges lift veil to reveal fraud, sharp practice, oppression and illegality. Judge have lifted the veil in the: 1) Alien enemies. During war time, where a company is control by enemy aliens contract will be unenforceable by the company. A company registered in the UK may be an alien enemy if those in control to its affairs are alien enemies. Daimler Co. Ltd V Continental tyre and Rubber Co Ltd [1916]. 2) Where company is formed to enable persons to evade existing liability there’s abuse of company law. Gilford Motor Co Ltd Horne [1933] an ex employee was personally bound by a valid restraint of trade from approaching his former firm’s customers. He set up new company to solicit customers of his previous employer. Held: The Company was a mere sham to cloak the wrong doings of the director and the court grant the injunction against the new company as well as against him. ) Lord Denning as prepared to life the veil in Wallerstiner V Moir [1974] there was fraud surrounding the making of a loan to director. The company of which he was a director made a loan to another company which was his ‘puppet’, so the loan should be treated as made to him. 4) Interest of justice. Creasey V Breachwood Motors Ltd [1993] an employee successfully claimed unfair dismissal against a company to whom all the assets of the original company, owned by the same individuals, had been transferred. However, the corporate veil can only be pierced if there is some evidence of impropriety or fraud. 5) Conflict viewpoint. In Creasey V Breachwood Motors Ltd [1994] the judge said ‘the power of the court to lift the corporate veil exists. The authorities provide little guidance as to the circumstances in which this power is to be exercised. ’ However, in Williams V Natural Life Health Foods Ltd [1998] the HOL took the view that the corporate veil was sacrosanct and should only be lifted in the most exceptional circumstances. ) In Trustor AB V Smallbon [2001] the def, a managing director had transferred substantial sums to another company. The Chancery Division was prepared to pierce the veil and recognise the receipt by that company as that of the individual in control, because it was used as a device or facade to conceal the true fact. However, in the absence of impropriety or fraud the courts will not pierce the veil. 7) Corporate manslaughter. Gross negligence manslaug hter- is the veil lifted here? Is the veil lifted in case where corporate manslaughter is established?

Role of Family System And Business In Family Business Sustainability Essay

Role of Family System And Business In Family Business Sustainability - Essay Example the family system’s contribution to business enhancement include financial management practices, family functioning style, additional family income, and subjective measures such as functional integrity of the family, satisfaction with the family’s quality of life, and success in achieving the most important family goal. Similarly, other criteria related to family systems that help to improve business processes are reducing family tensions, living in a multi-generation family, undergoing sleep deprivation for devoting additional time to the business, hiring temporary help during hectic periods are other factors that will be taken into consideration to examine their impacts on business revenue. Olson, Zuiker, Danes, et al (2003) state that the family has a greater effect on the business than the business has on the family. The Family Business Research Group developed the Sustainable Family Business (SFB) model which equally recognizes the family and the business, and the dynamics between the two factors in achieving sustainability for both, state Heck, Jasper, Stafford et al (2000). The SFB model of empirical research portrays business system success as a systemic phenomenon. It includes research on several areas including â€Å"business performance, business strategy, subjective measures of business success and effects of the family on business performance† (Olson et al 2003, p.645). The research results will indicate the impact on business success by business characteristics, business owner attributes, and distinguishing features of the family system. Review of Literature The family system performs a â€Å"key integrating role for the business and at the same time meets the needs of the family† (Fletcher 2002, p.11). In this dynamic relationship, the family goals... This report stresses that Family and business are the two subsystems with their inherent and distinctive needs, â€Å"role requirements, rules, values and cultures†. Both subsystems are crucial in determining the extent to which sustainability of family business is achieved. Family types have been identified by characteristics including how a family communicates, resolves conflict and organizes itself, style of leadership and decision-making, and importance of traditions and values†. This paper makes a conclusion that the family system performs a â€Å"key integrating role for the business and at the same time meets the needs of the family†. In this dynamic relationship, the family goals are the most important, and influence business and family decisions. There may be a conflict when a family member’s behaviour calls for firing the person from the business system, yet the person continues to be accepted by the family system. Few family businesses consider firing a child, or other relative. Within family and business systems, individuals have different roles with specific expectations for behaviour. Thus, a child taught in the family system not to argue with the father, may have difficulty in expressing conflicting viewpoints in the business system when as a manager the individual is required to deal with the parent. â€Å"The confusion of roles such as parent/ founder/ owner/ child/ manager/ owner/ non-operating family member/ sibling, and the carryover of roles from one system to the other† are considered as critical sources of tension in the family business.

Organizational Change Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Organizational Change - Essay Example This research will begin with the statement that it has been a most frequently used adage that nothing is constant except change. In contemporary organizations, experience has proven that business entities require both stability and continuity, in conjunction with innovation and adaptation. Without equilibrium, any business organization could not effectively function; yet, without adaptation, it definitely cannot survive. The option open to organizations is not between continuity or discontinuity, but a balance between them. Organizational change is, therefore, the quintessence of adaptation and innovation: a crucial and necessary fact of life. According to Martires and Fule, change is any alteration in the present state of a system. In social organizations, change is initiated, implemented, and maintained to achieve a new and higher level of performance by the system. In a report written by Kezar, the author cited two definitions of organizational change, to wit: â€Å"Burnes noted that organizational change refers to understanding alterations within organizations at the broadest level among individuals, groups, and at the collective level across the entire organization. Another definition is that change is the observation of difference over time in one or more dimensions of an entity†. From these meanings, it is therefore apparent that organizational change contains transformations of one or more elements within the organization over a pre-defined period of time.... People have been located at the center because it is they who link all other variables in a productive way. The organization tries to obtain a new level of performance and excellence by adjusting its internal functions and processes, as well as modifying its goals. This means that any or all of the five variables may be changed to realize the necessary adjustment. Furthermore, the system’s elements are highly interdependent and interrelated, and any change in one will have an influence on the others. 3. Characteristics or Attributes of Innovative Companies. Since innovation is crucial to organizational effectiveness and growth, the question of what characterizes innovative companies is an important one in managing change. Answers to this question provide broad outlines for action and give the change process its direction. Thomas J. Peters and Robert H. Waterman, Jr.’s (1982) research on successful American companies offers significant insights as to where the direction of change should be. In their study, they identified eight attributes which distinguish excellent and innovative companies from those which are not. The authors noted that not all eight attributes were present to the same degree in the excellent companies that they studied. But in every case, at least a preponderance of the eight was clearly visible. These attributes or characteristics of innovative companies are enumerated herewith: (1) a bias for action; (2) close to the customer; (3) autonomy and entrepreneurship; (4) productivity through people; (5) hands on and value driven; (6) stick to the knitting; (7) simple form and lean staff; and finally (8) simultaneous loose-tight properties (Peters and Waterman, 1982, pp. 13-15). 4. Identify

How managers motivates their employees Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

How Managers Motivate Their Employees - Essay Example In any kind of industry, consumer goods, healthcare, service sector these goals for both employees and the employer are important to achieve. Motivational roles of managers are important in this respect (Shanks, n.d., p.23; Neely, 2007, p.433). Theoretical framework: There are various theories of motivation which are used for the purpose of developing the working abilities of the employees in different business organisations. These theories are described below: Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs: In this theory the Maslow (1954), identifies various needs which are necessary for the purpose of motivating employees. These needs are comprises of psychological needs, safety needs, belonging needs, esteem needs and self-actualisation needs. With the help of satisfaction progression, these needs are used for the purpose of moving from one stage of satisfying the need to another stage (Shanks, n.d., p.25) Alderfer’s ERG Theory: In this theory Alderfer (1972) has used three concepts o f existence, relatedness and growth to describe how managers can motivate their employees. Various needs defined by Maslow have been used by Alderfer to define these stages of motivating employees. He also used the frustration-regression principle for the purpose of describing the fact that with the achievement of each level of satisfaction employees will be motivated to achieve the next level of satisfaction (Shanks, n.d., pp.25-26). Herzberg’s Two Factor Theory: Herzberg (2003) has used two motivational factors: Hygienes and Motivators, for the purpose of modifying Maslow’s theory. The first factor provides lower level of satisfaction to the employees, like better working condition, high salary etc. The second factor provides higher level satisfaction to... There are various theories of motivation which are used for the purpose of developing the working abilities of the employees in different business organisations. These theories are described below:Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs:  Ã‚  In this theory the Maslow (1954), identifies various needs which are necessary for the purpose of motivating employees. These needs are comprises of psychological needs, safety needs, belonging needs, esteem needs and self-actualisation needs. With the help of satisfaction progression, these needs are used for the purpose of moving from one stage of satisfying the need to another stage (Shanks, n.d., p.25)Alderfer’s ERG Theory:  In this theory Alderfer (1972) has used three concepts of existence, relatedness and growth to describe how managers can motivate their employees. Various needs defined by Maslow have been used by Alderfer to define these stages of motivating employees. He also used the frustration-regression principle for the purpose of describing the fact that with the achievement of each level of satisfaction employees will be motivated to achieve the next level of satisfaction (Shanks, n.d., pp.25-26). Herzberg’s Two Factor Theo ry:  Herzberg (2003) has used two motivational factors: Hygienes and Motivators, for the purpose of modifying Maslow’s theory. The first factor provides lower level of satisfaction to the employees, like better working condition, high salary etc. The second factor provides higher level satisfaction to the employees.

Strategic Analysis of Hon Hai Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Strategic Analysis of Hon Hai - Case Study Example The study will also cover the merger and acquisition activities of the company along with the position of the company before and after the merger and acquisition activities. The report will also use key financial ratios to report on the financial performance of the company. While 'business strategy' represent the goal of the company to attain sustainable competitive advantage in one of the businesses of the company, 'corporate strategy' represents the objective of the company to manage multi-business activities to create corporate-wide advantage that will benefit each of the business the company owns and operates. The corporate strategy looks into the opportunities available to the company both internally and externally to enhance its competitive strengths and sustain its sales growth and profitability. A strategic analysis of any company thus includes assessing the strengths and weaknesses of the company on the basis of the internal environment as well as threats and opportunities that the company is subjected to because of its relative positioning in the market and the industry. The main objective of any strategic analysis is to identify the ways in which the existing resources can be shared between the multiple business activities and also identifyi ng new resources which will enhance the competitive strengths of the company. ... With this background this study intends to make a strategic analysis of the company Hon Hai (Foxconn) to report on the efforts of the company to enhance and sustain its competitive advantages. 1.1 Hon Hai (Foxconn) - An Overview Incorporated in the year 2004 the company is a group company of Foxconn Technology. Foxconn Group is the foremost provider of joint-design, joint-development, manufacturing, assembly and after-sales services to global Computer, Communication, and Consumer-electronics ("3C") leaders. Focusing on fields of nanotechnology, heat transfer, wireless connectivity, material sciences, and green manufacturing process, Foxconn's over 15,000 patents granted worldwide by 2005 made it a recognized leader of innovation and technical know-how in rankings such as MIT's patent scorecard. HonHai is mainly producing Hinge related products adopting an innovative technology. The production process is different from that of the traditional Hinge companies. By using the new technology the company has enhanced the production capacity to a great extent and has reduced the cost of production. The company has made a net operating income of $ 10.17 million representing 8 percent of the turnover, as of the end of the year 2006. The company is following a different production process than the competitors operating in the industry. The use of this modern technology has enhanced the production capacity of the capacity while lowering the cost of production. The company presently employs around 975 people. 1.2 Research Objectives The study will cover the following objectives among other things: (1) A detailed study of the advantages and disadvantages of merger and acquisition activities in general (2) A strategic analysis of the Company Hon Hai

K Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

K - Assignment Example Hence, it ought to have a somehow general title but still emphasizing on its capability that differentiates with other hybrids. For instance, â€Å"Ford Fiesta is now higher by 40 Highway miles and comfort than the same hybrid cars.† The illustration is quite catchy and as somehow targets the youth populace. The color used is favorable to both sexes. The green color is a shouting choice to many thus being effective as it attracts the attention of the readers. The fuel gauge has also been illustrated and it exemplifies FF is quite economical based on fuel consumption. The limitation evident in the illustration is that the interior design of the FF was not shown. It would have enhanced the effectiveness of the ad. FF stands out amongst other hybrids of its level because of the thoughtful engineering touch. This message is evident in the body and it has added strength to the advert for it motivates clients to find out more about the FF where the body copy mentions the vehicle minimizes fuel consumption. This is true since it has a fuel consumption of up to 65.7mpg, which is low thus the car is more efficient considering it can cover many miles. To add on, it has an effective 1.0-liter 3 cylinder class-leading petrol engine, hence does not compromise matters of performance and power while ensuring that it economizes on fuel. The only limitation is that the body leaves out critical information about FF such as those on safety. The design of FF is quite spectacular for it has a stylish design both outside and inside. The headlamps outside are sleek and the tailamps at the rear hatch beautifully sculpted. The illustration has succeeded in indicating the outside design of the FF but has left out the interior. The ad is effective starting from the choice of headline. The headline is bound to attract the attention of the readers. The color of the illustration is also one that will attract

FALL PROTECTION PROGRAM RELATED TO SCAFFOLDS Research Paper

FALL PROTECTION PROGRAM RELATED TO SCAFFOLDS - Research Paper Example The vibrant insinuation of this is that dipping scaffolding linked construction calamities will condense injuries and save thousands of lives. Developing and implementing a suitable fall protection plan will reduce deaths and injuries in the construction industry and guarantee that construction workers operate in a safe environment. Pandemonium took the best of the city on the morning of 24th September 2013 when a painter, john Hawkins, fell from scaffolds while working on the walls of Marinablue building in Miami, 10 feet above the ground. He tumbled onto strident erected staves of 2.5 feet that were erected by constructors who were redesigning the floor area of the verandah. The worker died proximately while workers who were bricklaying beneath the scaffold sustained somber injuries. The constructors who were on the site were amateurs and could hardly administer any reasonable first aid to the incapacitated contractors and an ambulance had to be called to ferry them to the infirmary where the paramedics would administer the proper medication. The cause of the fall remained uncertain but high on the list were employees who might have tempered with the outriggers that supported the poorly erected the fabricated frame scaffolds and the derisory working area. Garnet (2000) recaps that between 2008 and 2013, 25% of the disastrous falls in the construction sector were from roofs, scaffolding contributed to 18%, ladders 16% while structural steel and girders contributed to 8%. In all cases, the construction fatalities are associated with poor structural laying and maladministration of the fall protection systems and/or programs. Construction workers working on roofs continue undergoing lethal work-related injuries. Workers contracted by small organizations, immigrant workers, and residential construction workers and Hispanics are more

Europeanization of Islam in European Countries Research Paper

Europeanization of Islam in European Countries - Research Paper Example These migrations that took place over centuries occurred mainly due to a quest for a better life and better living conditions. However, some of these migrations were under forced conditions, owing to various tribal, sectarian, or familial conflicts; and sometimes also due to political unrest in the country of origin. The first prominent Muslim immigrants were those that settled in Spain, during eight century AD. Along with such migrations, there was also the transfer of science, arts, literature, and various important literary transcripts also found their way from the Arabian Peninsula to the Iberian Peninsula and soon spread to other parts of Europe. Thus, there was a transfer of knowledge and culture, and soon the host and the immigrant communities started influencing each other. Today after more 1500 years of migration and settlement, Islam has become an integral part of the demographical, traditional and cultural landscape of Europe. They are no longer guests who will go back hom e, but have become Europeans following the Islamic faith; and with Islam becoming the second largest religious community in Europe within the last 50 years, this religion can longer be overlooked or sidelined. The first generation of the Muslim immigrants remained more close to their home upbringing and thus their Islam was more relevant to their home culture. However, the later generations after years of being born and bred in the European continent, now have two distinct lineages to maintain, one is the old traditions and culture of their grandparents and the other is the local culture of Europe. In the recent years it has been seen that in spite of protests from the conservative Muslim circles, there has been a move to create an Islamic religion which is more adapted to the European way of life. This has been done with the express aim to amalgamate Islam and Europe more closely so that the former can show its strength to adapt and flourish in its adopted country like it has done previously in Africa or Asia.  Ã‚  

Inequality in the UK its effect on the national economy Essay

Inequality in the UK its effect on the national economy - Essay Example Why should economists care about inequality in the distribution of incomes? Poverty and economic inequality are intimately bound with one another both as a policy or an analytical issue. Economic well-being and income distribution are related as demonstrated in the societal understanding of justice and human rights, and, therefore, render economic equality an intrinsic value. High levels of economic equity are associated with desirable social outcomes especially in the realms of health and crime (Andrew and Meen2006). The EU defines poverty as living on less than half the average national income, as such, irrespective of the average income, the greater the income inequality, the higher levels of poverty in a country. The definition of the extent of poverty depends on both the level of a society’s income and the distribution of income. Therefore, societal standards or norms of essential needs in a society are determined by the middle class (Brueckner, Thisse and Zenou 1999). In the case of two societies where the bottom segments have the same level of income, poverty is more prevalent in the in the society where income is more unequally distributed. The bottom quintile of the unequal society will be more isolated from the middle quintile and will, therefore, be further from meeting the standards of that society. As a result, more members of this bottom quintile will be stuck in poverty (Beroube 2005).

Human Resource control Essay Example for Free

Human Resource control Essay I want to first start off by saying thank you for the opportunity to handle such an important and sensitive matter such as the internal control for the LJB Company. First and foremost I want you to be aware of the requirements of your company if you do decide to go public. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (SOX) which was passed by congress requires all publicly traded U.S corporations to maintain an adequate system of internal control. Corporate executives and boards of directors like yourself must ensure that these controls are reliable and effective. In addition, independent outside auditors must attest to the adequacy of the internal control system. Companies that fail to comply are subject to fines, and company officers can be imprisoned. LJB Company is currently doing some things well that I suggest they continue. The use of pre-numbered invoices allows for missing or undocumented invoices to be caught quickly. This practice is considered a documentation procedure under internal controls. Having two managers approve new hires helps ensure a good fit. It’s good that the accountant completes bank reconciliation. While using a bank is a form of control for cash, the reconciliation enables LJB to make sure there are no errors between what the bank and what they have on the books. There are a number of practices by LJB that don’t deter fraud and would need to be changed before considering going public. Segregation of duties: The duties for handling assets need to be separated amongst multiple employees. Employees that handle cash should not be involved in the bank reconciliation or invoices. Employees responsible for purchasing should not have any payment or reconciliation duties. By segregating duties, there is more than one person involved in the sales and purchasing cycle so that one person cannot be behind a fake transaction or remove cash or purchased assets without it being noticed by another. Access to assets: All employees should not have access to petty cash. The cash should be locked and those with a key should ensure proper documentation for cash distributed to be sure it is authorized. The person responsible for reconciling the petty cash should do so randomly to deter its abuse. As far the indelible ink machine I see no problem printing your own checks as long as you use pre-numbered check stock paper to write the checks. Otherwise you will not know that you have accounted for every check written. Also, this is an area of responsibility that should be segregated. The person responsible for printing the checks should not have the authority to sign them. This will help insure they are not writing checks to themselves. LJB should consider purchasing the indelible ink printer once they have the manpower to have the duties segregated. By using indelible ink, the checks printed will be harder to change once printed, which is a good physical control of cash. Paycheck Lock-Up: Although the accountant is locking the employee’s paychecks over the weekend, he should actually be locking them at all times. Anytime the accountant steps away from their desk and these checks are not locked, sensitive employee information is vulnerable. Background checks: I recommend that LJB implement the Human Resource control of conducting background checks of all employees before officially hiring. This way they will discover if the potential employee has a past that could negatively impact the company (fraud, theft, other criminal activity) Passwords: Passwords are a key control preventing employees from accessing data outside of their duties and changing transaction data from initial amounts to cover up errors, fraud or theft. Everyone should have an individual password and not reveal it to another. Changing passwords periodically is a best practice. I hope that LJB finds this report helpful and that it prepares them for potentially going public.

Assignment On British Petroleum

Assignment On British Petroleum This Paper will concentrate on the organisation known as British oil typically referred to as British petroleum. This reason for this paper would be to examine and evaluate and analyse the present proper position of British petroleum inside the industry also once we proceed further we shall also consider the environment analysis, structural determinants from the concentration of your competition, structural analysis and competitive means of British petroleum, The entire paper continues to be split into three parts, simply one we consider the general analytical techniques like SWOT, PESTEL, suggested by M.E porter , latter simply two British petroleum is going to be analysed within the light of ansoff matrix and BCG matrix, and also the porters five forces, the ultimate part includes suggestions regarding the above mentioned analysis Introduction :- BP is among the worlds leading worldwide gas and oil companies, supplying its clients with fuel for transportation, energy for warmth and lightweight, retail services and petrochemicals items for everyday items http://world wide web.british petroleum.com/sectiongenericarticle.do?categoryId=3contentId=2006926 British oil well referred to as British petroleum is worlds major gas and oil company, it is among the the world third biggest company (source Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British petroleum) its well know brand worldwide, as well as in business realm its much referred to as a corporation that has been positively taking part in vertical integration approach in each and every section of fuel industry, which includes excavation of oil and extraction and production refining distribution energy generation and buying and selling, lately British petroleum continues to be positively including in the introduction of alternative energy assets because it is thought through the finish of the century all of the mobile phone industrys reserves of conservative fuel deposits will vanish, however British petroleum has its own operation going through in 80 different nations and created roughly 4 million barrels of oil, Bps biggest maket share is within u . s . states mind quarted in Houston , the organization continues to be alleged for that threat of environment and safety concern following a recent spill in gulf, British petroleum may be the first company to understand the the long run interest in energy is anticipated to improve by 50% with within the next 2 decades as well as on the British petroleum website its mentioned the 85% from the energy demands is going to be met through the non-renewable fuels Medicare Part A:- British petroleum SWOT ANALYSIS: Talents: BPs History/brand:- British petroleum Among the mobile phone industrys well know brand that has been operating in the industry forever from the 1800s but formally referred to as Anglo- Iranian oil company , its history itself dictates its stability with in the industry, it includes a strong holds within the u . s . states market among the biggest consumer of gas and oil on the planet also Bigger producer within the Gulf:- As British petroleum is has its own strong root hold within the American market the organization features its own refining market and distribution channels thus it features a unique and formidable infrastructure, with the network of their subsidiaries making rivals daunting Geographically diverse organisation:- British petroleum continues to be operating in 80 different nations worldwide under different names like Amco, Burmah Castrol, British petroleum express, Arco, British petroleum connectAnd so on. British petroleum also indexed by NSE and FTSE and LSE. however British petroleum amco is among the most powerful brand among the rest of the brand that British petroleum works Leadership in oil related technology:- The oil related technology is understood to be Oil production related technology might help maintain revenue and profits by providing the controlling firm the opportunity to increase production on new oil fields. Superior technology also enables better usage of existing oil reserves from the production and refining capacity Source: (http://world wide web.wikiwealth.com/swot-strength:superior-oil-related-technology) using the definition above that British petroleum has acquired an aggressive edge among its other rivalries in growing producing new oil fields Concentrate on Conventional oil :- On february 2007 the organization has introduced it might be investing 8 billion dollars within the next 10 years within the research of numerous alternative techniques to search the conventional energy resources source (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British petroleum#History) British petroleum has over checked out the fuel crisis thats likely to arise in in the future therefore it has transformed its logo design to Helios as one example of it corporate social responsibility thus by attaining the client confidence around the brand, this campaign had been based on slogan known as BP beyond petroleum Michael. E. Porter emerging industries are recently created or cool industries which have been produced by technological improvements, that elevate something new or service to the stage of potential viable of innovations pg 215 . Thus based on M. E porter using unconventional energy is definitely an emerging market where British petroleum makes extensive efforts to achieve the edge against your competitors. Also we will be talking about the likely methods that British petroleum can consider , once we proceed in to the next parts of this paper Weakness:- Negative consumer perception:- Though British petroleum continues to be striving difficult to position British petroleum like a environmentally friendly brand, the current occurrences has put British petroleum customers on dilemma concerning the brand positioning, because of recent spills in Alaska and gulf, also British petroleum has elevated it gas prices in in comparison to the rivals Unstable Oil industry:- Industries for example oil are in the stake because of their availability later on , however oil market is higly lucrative , additionally, it suffers unpredictability which decreases ale opportunities in the traders Possibilities:- Energy independence: since 8 billion dollars continues to be invested into research of conventional powers and alternative fuel techniques, you will see more possibilities developing within the fields of photo voltaic wind and gas energy Growth of areas:- British petroleum can consider growth of its edges to appropriate oil reserves and through purchase of gas and oil industries within the north ocean along with other areas globally Prices and quality:- British petroleum may also reconsider by flexing its prices policy to be able to answer the challenging competition, supported by very same top quality of fuel Risks:- Instability:- Many BPs oils creating regions are facing with unstable government making business much more volatile Oil Spill:- British petroleum continues to be alleged to be undertaking environment hazard activities in oil excavation following a spills in Alaska and Mexico, too a some periodic fire accidents within the British petroleum oil rigs, corrosion within the oil pipe lines can also be appearing a significant threat to the organization Saturation of assets:- Natural saturation of assets within the oil wells could be another major threat towards the companys existence PESTEL Analysis :- M. E Porter has recommended a frame work known as pestel analysis in understainding the forces within the macro atmosphere G. Schools and Remedy states that understanding how PESTEL factors might effect on and drive alternation in general is a great beginning point pg 66 The word PESTEL means political , economical social technological environmental and legal these forces have affect on the organisational exterior atmosphere POLITICAL à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ As talked about above because of unstable government authorities within the BPs production nations the mobile phone industrys energy marketplaces are becoming more volatile à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Due to climatic change issues and weather disturbances government authorities are coming up with a powerful obstacles on oil excavations, besides encouraging such industries into discover more sustainable types of energy à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ On whole the worldwide energy marketplace is increasingly volatile because of ongoing oil demands in the under developed nations ECONOMIC à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ The economy is based on the power reserves for the reason that country à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ The interest rate of worldwide economic recovery supports the answer to energy prospect to next several years (IEA. 2010 details sheet ) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Energy marketplaces can envisage demand increase by nearly 60 % based on IEA à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Due substantial increace within the alternative powers supply are required to develop within the next couple of decades quickly SOCIAL à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Based on the Kyoto protocol, charge of the CF(swimming pool water fluorine) carbon pollutants has turned into a legal requirement à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ More attention continues to be attracted for the concerns on sustainability for the future though this might appear just a little impact right now because of unavailability of manufacture of cheaper types of renewable power for example photo voltaic and wind energy TECHNOLOGY à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ This pressure is probably appears to become a significant driver of alternation in the worldwide energy market because it is being underpinned with a technological developments of manufacture of economical methods for renewable power Part 2:- The Ansoff Matrix :- the ansoff matrix is really a 22 matrix with items market mix for existing and new marketplaces , it was initially suggested by H. Igor Ansoff, its a growth marketplaces matrix helps the organisation to consider its proper decision it may also help us to analyse how British petroleum has varied itself from British oil to beyond oil http://tutor2u.internet/business/strategy/ansoff_matrix.htm Existing product Cool product Existing market Market transmission This requires British petroleum stretching its physical frontiers, more retail shops, direct distribution etc Product Bio-fuels which are created inside a sustainable way, and solar power wind energy etc New market Market development Marketing and advertising flexing the prices policy in United kingdom and obtaining person possessed retail shops in prime locations Diversification Neat and renewable solar power for houses, streets and companies Use of ansoff matrix to the current organization:- Market transmission:- British petroleum includes a obvious and focused strategy in market penentration using its varied items for every single market segment like houses business as well as varied items like lubrication motor oils etc can also be found to aid its deliberate strategy into market transmission Product:- this tactic is better applied whenever a particular service or product is within maturity or perhaps a decline stage however because of global environment fuel crisis it is essential to search for any new energy assets, however this proper approach give an edge against your competitors towards the organisation like bio fuel through sustainable sources, thus British petroleum has switched its marketing tag from British oil to beyond oil IEA 2004, also predicted the future energy supply is going to be from renewable assets Market development:- British petroleum continues to be strongly and readily using the forex market strategy, because it is presently operating in 80 different nations, also as part of further market development, British petroleum hold its very own distribution channels besides getting dealer distribution channels, lately in India, British petroleum has specific a brand new demographic group ie., CNG( compressed gas) for domestic reasons, By which British petroleum has acquired a substantial share of the market. However, still theres a lots of space to develop in this region by growing more into Africa and Russia and Europe Diversification: Although diversification is definitely an very dangerous strategy, to secure BPs future British petroleum has invested 8 billion dollars in the introduction of economical methods to produce renewable and alternative powers, as you will find some speculations that solar power is going to be utilized more by 50% than its present usage (data monitor 2004). To be able to gain knowledge of this sector of ones production british petroleum has invested this type of great deal, to restore its deficits because of recent oil spills. British petroleum has acknowledged the significance of diversification strategy, when the expertise is acquired then its really a market leader by selecting emerging industry marketplaces entry methods BCG Matrix : Cash Cows British oil includes a large share of the market in gas and oil industry using its wings extended in 80 different nations, however, these SBU are rich in share of the market with less room for that growth because it is an adult market, these SBU have to be handled well with right technique to keep up with the profits STARS: British petroleum is presently well-established in many of their operating nations however, theres still room to develop to stars because it the 4th biggest when it comes to revenue making then royal Nederlander and Exxon Mobil (cnn, 2010) (http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/global500/2010/full_list/) QUESTIONMARKS: British petroleum is attempting to head to new marketplaces by trading into sustainable and alternative energy assets, because it has small be part of high growth market because it is predicted that marketplace for these renewable powers were prone to rise quickly Also BPs CNG items could be another question mark because it has high growth which may be changed by gas within the developed nations DOGS: British petroleum business could be effected by electrification of rail transport within the under developed nations, Wherever British petroleum is working in. Because of the marketplace for delivering diesel to locomotives are in the dogs condition, since it has relatively low growth and small share, which market might sooner vanish. However British petroleum can continue this present SBU, because it cannot modify the other SBUs British petroleum includes a stable share of the market inside a unstable market, regardless of the facing accusations from recent gulf disaster Part 3:- Recommendations for British petroleum because of its entry into emerging energy industry:- Michael. E. porter (1980) recommended a few of the common early obstacles like à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Proprietary technology à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Access to recycleables along with other inputs à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Risk, which boosts the effective chance price of capital there by effective capital obstacles Proprietary technology:- British petroleum may be the first company to recognize the necessity to invest into growth and development of new methods to produce energy its invested 8 billion dollars to build up and posses the brand new technologies being produced of wind and solar power Use of recycleables along with other inputs:- Although the inclination of the particular barrier may not appear appropriate to BPs manufacture of wind and solar power because they are freely and abundantly obtainable in character however British petroleum still can gain competitive advantage by arranging the copy privileges from the technology thats being/is going to be accustomed to convert the choice assets into energy. Thus producing revenue Risk:- Typically established information mill frequently not the first one to maintain the brand new emerging industry due ot technological advancement even getting the abilty and apparent talents , but climb this guitar rock band wagon latter, and attempts to establish by placing high greater chance cost, within this situation British petroleum has some relatively apparent talents like understanding from the clients and brand strength, so its advisable that British petroleum still press by trading into research of other fuels PORTER FIVE FORCES Brendan Examining the competitive atmosphere 5 Forces Framework of Industry Analysis British petroleum: An analysis while using Five Forces Framework Industry Competition British Oil (British petroleum) works within the energy industry. You will find only a small amount of firms inside the energy industry. It is really an oligopoly market you will find a small amount of producers taking pleasure in a sizable share of the market. The oligopoly market structure is really a fundamental driver of BPs profit increasing operation. British petroleum and it is rivals can make abnormal profits because of the marketplace structure that they compete. Theres mutual interdependence between companies within an oligopolistic market structure. BPs primary rivals are Exxon Mobile, Total SA, Chevron, ConocoPhillips and Royal Nederlander Spend. British petroleum can make abnormal profits like the method in which monopolist operate. A strong like British petroleum might not be fully efficient nonetheless they remain in a position to survive because of high obstacles to entry within an oligopoly market. Bain (1956) referred to obstacles to entry as factors which permit established firms within an industry to earn supernormal profits without bringing in entry. An oligopoly structure is characterised by high interdependence between rivals. The choices of British petroleum are heavily based on the choices of the rivals. Just how does British petroleum remain competitive on the market when they cannot take market leadership? Area of the answer lies using the dependency of competitor choices as well as an lack of ability to consider an expense leadership strategy. The possibility of taking this kind of strategy could induce a cost war and lower profits. If BPs rivals decrease fuel prices then British petroleum will most likely lower their cost to prevent losing clients. If however a strong decides to boost prices then its rivals is going to be unwilling to follow. For this reason costs are regarded as sticky as prices are usually resistant against change. Sticky cost levels could be described with a kinked demand curve produced by Hall and Hitch and Sweezy (1939), proven in figure 1.1. The kink reaches cost P. Any rise in cost above P can lead to a far more than proportionate fall in quantity required as customers tends to buy using their company firms who havent elevated their cost. Over the cost P the cost elasticity demand is greater and much more elastic. Home loan business cost below P demand becomes inelastic and fewer prone to a big change sought after. Because of the tight oligopoly market British petroleum compete inside it seems that British petroleum they may be colluding using their rivals on prices. The items they offer are extremely homogenous, the cost elasticity of demand is low and you will find high obstacles to entry, creating ideal conditions for collusion. Oligopolists are circular dependent (Lipczynski and Wilson 2001). How much transparency regarding cost is high, which allows British petroleum and it is rivals to consistently match the cost of the leading member. Scherer 1996 describes this as collusive cost leadership. By colluding on prices youll be able to earn abnormal profits. The best choice functions like a barometer, whose cost bulletins reflect market demand and supply conditions (Scherer 1996). I (an oligopolist) cannot define my favorite guidelines unless of course I understand You (my rival) are performing at the same time, however, you cant define your very best move unless of course guess what happens Ill do (Asch 1964, p.54). Threat of recent newcomers The mining, gas and oil industry is among the most lucrative. The Worldwide 500 ranks British petroleum the fourth most lucrative. Why exist only numerous firms within the energy industry taking pleasure in abnormal profits and total share of the market? Generating high profits generally draws in new newcomers, however new newcomers can experience obstacles to entry preventing them from entering the marketplace. You will find no obstacles to entry in perfect competition marketplaces, new firms can set-up and then leave with relative ease. Its not as basic for brand new firms to create-in an oligopolistic market. You will find several obstacles to entry stopping firms from doing this. Bain describes obstacles to entry as factors which permit established firms within an industry to earn supernormal profits without bringing in entry. Among the biggest obstacles to entry for brand new firms may be the great deal of capital needed to create-up in the market highlighted by figure 1.2. The price to a different firm could be much greater compared to average costs of existing firms. Another barrier to entry is BPs up and down integrated structure. Theyre involved completely across the logistics, from finding oil deposits, drilling and removing crude, refining into oil items, disbursing and selling at British petroleum possessed retail store franchisees, further denying use of new newcomers. They could make profits across the logistics, known as upstream and downstream profits. Vertical integration exclusions could be categorised as limited practice, for example limit prices cost methods (Lipczynski and Wilson 2001). Financial systems of scale prevent new newcomers attaining access in to the market. British petroleum is definitely an established, global organisation in the market which in a position to source, extract, refine and distribute oil in a reduced cost in comparison having a small start-up firm establishing on your own. At greater amounts of output a vertical integrated firm for example British petroleum can specialize in factors of production within the entire product existence cycle, in the exploration and extraction of oil (upstream) to distribution refining and selling gas (downstream) to customers through many that belongs to them retail shops. Trade obstacles are reduced the fuel retail market. In the beginning approximation fuel merchants seem to fall under the monopolistic competition category Scherer (1996). However, its important for merchants to know those things of the rivals. Machlup describes fuel merchants inside a neighborhood as chain oligopolists. Gas is definitely an inelastic good, a sizable alternation in cost wont change quantity required. To be able to lessen the uncertainty with prices, fuel merchants collude on prices. This can help these to gain the very best profit and might help to avoid one merchants missing out. For instance, imagine you will find two merchants A and B on opposite side from the road. If Your drops its fuel cost, B will loose out if he doesnt mirror the cost of the. Selling fuel in the lower cost can lead to both A and B making less profit. By colluding on the set cost, its possible for A and B not to loose out. This really is known as duopoly tacit collusion and is comparable to Cournots type of oligopoly. Theres however, the temptation for just one firm to interrupt the guidelines, or cheat by lowering cost underneath the agreed level to be able to gain competitive edge on rivals, which can lead to a cost war. The threat of recent entry appears within the oil market appears unlikely for the short term. You will find a number of very large oil and companies who dominate the which take advantage of financial systems of scale, vertical integration and incredibly high obstacles to entry. The resembles a monopoly as rivals co-operate to savor monopoly style profits, further restricting new newcomers. Possibly the threat of recent newcomers may promote themselves with the introduction of new fuel technologies as gradual fossil fuel demand declines. With ever growing pressure from government and pressure groups, combined using the depletion of world oil reserves, eventually you will see a change from oil consumption as supplies go out and new fuel options be a more appealing. Figure 1.4 shows the extraction of oil once we transfer to the long term. The cost will rise progressively with time as supply dries up. Conscious of this issue, British petroleum in 2007 selected the College of California, Berkley to guide a $500 million energy research programme. The programme will build up new sustainable technologies for British petroleum. By diversifying British petroleum continues to some primary player in the market getting into the long term. British petroleum has additionally pledged to take a position another 500 million over ten years to finance bioscience research programmes for br and new and cleaner energy development. Threat of substitute items Oil is really a scarce commodity thats greatly sought after. The planet is dependent on oil and presently you will find very few viable substitutes for oil presently available. With large nations for example India and china quickly growing the issue will simply worsen. The present options for fuels include coal, LPG (Liquid Oil Gas) both non-renewable fuels and hydrogen (which requires using fuel to create). Beyond these options theres wind energy, photo voltaic energy, geothermal power energy and nuclear energy. British petroleum Most of the substitutes for oil for example LPG already are written by British petroleum. British petroleum appear ready for just about any potential risks from potential innovative firms entering the marketplace, partially because British petroleum have considerable amounts of investment already in research and development. Negotiating energy of purchasers and providers Customers buy oil items from British petroleum possessed fuel merchants. The merchants purchase their fuel from British petroleum, who extract and refine crude from the 3 that belongs to them locations around the world. Effectively British petroleum doesnt have providers, because they supply themselves, even though they are subject to the marketplace cost of oil. The cost oil is dependent upon the availability of oil, mainly in the cartel of OPEC the worlds 13 biggest oil creating groups. By being employed as a cartel the oil creating nations (who depend heavily on oil revenues), can manipulate the cost of oil by growing or lowering the availability of oil. British petroleum needs to market oil to the merchants in the market cost which is passed onto customers. The cost of oil affects the entire logistics. British petroleum along with other rivals make bigger profits once the cost oil is high, once the cost of oil falls, generally customers take advantage of affordable prices in the pump and oil producers make more compact profits or even manages to lose. Figure 1.5 demonstrates an increase in prices when supply is fixed by oil providers. The negotiating energy of customers as purchasers is extremely limited. Theyre subject to the chain oligopolist merchants who collude on prices, following barometric cost level based on the marketplace cost leader. Although British petroleum is really a large firm theyre small in comparison to large oil creating nations for example Saudi Arabia. Principle nations for example Saudi Arabia are capable of take dominant firm cost leadership. They could do that by working together using the OPEC cartel modifying output levels to help keep prices high. This really is known as joint profit maximisation, although there might be a inclination for nations inside the cartel to cheat or increase output to be able to earn more money. The cartel prices strategy is effective if all gamers stay with the guidelines and offer the correct amount agreed through the cartel. This really is highlighted by figure 1.6. The cartel enjoy cost PCartel in the quantity QCartel. If your player decides to cheat and convey more oil he is able to privately sell more oil at quantity QCheat and also at a lower cost PCheat. Nations smashing the rules may pull it off for some time, however eventually the marketplace will react to the additional output and a decrease in the cost of oil will result. Government The function of presidency plays a huge role to managing the quantity of profits caused by sales of oil. Windfall taxes were created by the work government in 1997 on utility and companies for example British petroleum so that they can lessen the development of the lately privatised industry (BBC News [online] 31 The month of january 2008). Throughout 2007 the cost of the barrel of oil arrived at $147. Companies for example British petroleum recorded a 6% increase in profits. Unions known as for any windfall tax on British petroleum along with other producers. British petroleum contended they are already one from the biggest taxpayers (BBC News [online] 29 This summer 2008). British petroleum also contended the cost of oil is occur the relatively free market. Others state that even OPEC can perform little concerning the control on oil prices any longer. Restrictions while using Porters Five Framework You will find many exterior forces affecting the competition inside a market. Competition varies in various marketplaces. Porters Five Forces model helps organisations understand industry structure and shapes the competition that is a result of competing in various structures. Its important for firms to fully understand market structure that they operate (Worthington et al 2001). An analysis of British petroleum while using five forces framework presents numerous problems. The model doesnt think about the macroeconomic atmosphere, especially as British petroleum is really a global player. Political and legalities have to be considered. Whats the current legislation concerning cartels, monopolies and move rules? Similarly economic and technological changes are important for an organization for example British petroleum, always searching toward the long-term. An excellent illustration of financial aspects factors affecting British petroleum may be the current economic recession that ha s drastically reduced the interest in oil and company profits. Even though the oil industry presently seems to become a relatively stable for profitability, theres without doubt that eventually you will see a change from oil. Jergin identifies a big change will come by means of a significant technological breakthrough in alternate wind turbine or possibly from an environment crisis, diminishing oils importance. In either case Porters framework does not identify a few of these key issues. If used properly the model may be used perfectly, although if use wrongly, without thinking about underlying forces, then it may be meaningless. British petroleum, a hundred years-old global gas and oil company has experienced numerous major problems recently. Evaluation from the business structure and company culture at British petroleum clearly determines its significant responsibility like a cause of these problems. Presently British petroleum reaches the purpose of no return. Aggressive action through the board of British petroleum in structure

Personal Narrative- Making Positive Changes Essay -- Personal Narrativ

Personal Narrative- Making Positive Changes I have positive attributes and weaknesses as everyone else does. However, since I came from Peru to America, I experienced many changes in my personality from a shy girl to an independent, outgoing and friendly teenager. My strongest personal attributes are generosity, my spirit of collaboration and my perseverance to achieve any goals and overcome obstacles in my life. For example, when I was in Peru I used to go to a hospital to help children with disabilities. I used to visit them very often. I played with them so that they could forget for a while about their sickness. At the time I could make them happy and they enjoyed a nice moment getting to know me. By helping them, I felt a great satisfaction with myself. Not everyone is perfect in life. Everyone has weaknesses. One of mine is that I take everything too seriously and that makes me get irritated easily. It’s not that I’m angry all the time, it’s just I don’t joke around that much. I think I’m not very tolerant and I’m working my best to overcome it. On the other hand, peopl...

Differences Between Male and Female Orientated Magazine Articles Essay

Investigating the Difference Between Male and Female Orientated Magazine Articles For my investigation I decided to take stories sent in by readers to the magazines FHM and Cosmopolitan. FHM is aimed at men aged around 16 to 30, while Cosmopolitan is aimed at women of the same age. I thought it would be interesting to look at the differences between the two formats because I read FHM quite a lot, and some female friends of mine read Cosmopolitan, and I have often wondered what and how many differences and indeed similarities there are between the two magazines. I was also interested in the different ways similar topics were portrayed for the two different sexes. It helps me understand some of the language and gender issues I dealt with last year in English Language, and that is why I chose a stories page, it tells me more about the people who actually read the magazines than the people who write them. The stories I hoped would reflect the people who wrote them, and therefore the people who bought and read the magazines. It is also interesting for me because I want to become a magazine journalist when I leave university. Doing this investigation allows me to take a more in-depth look at what kind of people enjoy these kinds of magazines, and also it gives me a chance to look at the way these types of articles are presented in magazines, looking at things such as layout. I aim to find differences between the subject matter of the letters, the lexis used by the writers, the differences in grammar, the layout of the letters pages in the magazines and the general tenor of the stories. I also aim to reach a conclusion as to what... ... and "freezing my arse off". These slangy informal descriptions are very suitable for the FHM stories but hardly sensible for the Cosmopolitan story. Overall the articles conform closely with my hypothesis. The variances in the tenor were often and obvious. The male stories also conformed to my hypothesis in that they were competing as an incentive to win a prize, whereas the woman was not. The subject matters also matched my hypothesis. The male stories use mostly a different style of writing to the female articles, and indeed these contribute to them having very different effects on the reader. I think that my investigation has been a success. I have proved many of my hypotheses and my aim has been met. There is a large difference in male and female orientated magazine articles, in both style and substance.

Volleyball :: essays research papers

Title:Blocking in Volleyball Description: Blocking in Volleyball Blocking is a very important defensive aspect of volleyball at higher levels. Blocking is one of the hardest skills to learn, and does not always show direct results. The Body: Blocking in Volleyball Blocking is a very important defensive aspect of volleyball at higher levels. Blocking is one of the hardest skills to learn, and does not always show direct results. The block serves four basic functions. The first is to stop the ball, and hopefully return it to the opponents side for a point or side out. The second is to eliminate as a much of the court for the opposing hitter to hit into, also making the court easier for the back row to defend. The third is to deflect the ball up so that it can be used for an attack. The last function is to force the use of a secondary (possibly weaker) hitter, or a secondary hit such as a tip or half hit. The basics of the block begin at the feet. The feet should be parallel, about fourteen inches from the net, and about shoulder width apart. The weight should be on the inside of the feet, with more weight on the foot opposite the direction of the most likely movement. Knees should be slightly bent. Hands should always be kept at shoulder height, elbows flexed, and the forarms should be parallel to the net. Prior to jumping a half squat position should be assumed, with back straight, leaning slightly to the net. Ater jumping hands should go up and slide over the net as far as possible. The arms and hands should be rigid, with thumbs upward and fingers spread apart. Before contact, the arms, shoulders, and hands should be turned inward to the center of the court. The body should pike. The hands should be open to surround, and try to catch the ball. There are two main methods of movement. These include the side step and the crossover. The side step is meant for covering a short distance. The body stays square to the net. The foot closest to the direction of the movement moves first. The outer foot then follows sliding back to a shoulder width position. Setting the block involves several variables. These include the distance of the set from the net, height of the set, attacker, angle of hitters approach, what hand the hitter uses, and lastly the position of the attacking arm and elbow in relationship to the ball.

Why Did Kristallnacht Take Place?

1. Both sources appear to contradict each other in terms of content. The first, and most important, question risen form these two sources are which is correct in context of who organised the riots. Source A clearly states that it was a â€Å"mass attack, which he [Goebbels] and the SA were going to launch†. However, there is a clear contravention in Source B: â€Å"The Fuhrer, at Goebbels suggestion†¦ not to be organised by the party†. However, in looking at what had happened, it seems that Goebbels encouraged a nationwide press campaign to help â€Å"stir† trouble. Also, at a dinner to commemorate the Munich Putsch, Goebbels called for von Rath's death to be avenged. These pieces of evidence do point towards riots conducted by Goebbels. It may have been, as stated in source A, that Goebbels was out of favour with Hitler and that he was trying to win back support from his Fuhrer. In source A however, whether Hitler did â€Å"squeal with delight† and slap his thigh with â€Å"enthusiasm† at the thought of riots against the Jewish minority is contestable. This is because Hitler was surprised by the extent of the pogrom, and may have been awaiting only sporadic bursts of violence from the population and not the SA. Source A, in terms of provenance, appears not to be as accurate as it seems. This is because it is only a summary by an historian nine years after the end of the First World War, and sixteen years after the events of Kristallnacht. Thus, many incidents may have been altered slightly to suit any other evidence this historian may have. Thus, a possible reason for Hitler â€Å"squealing with delight† and slapping his thigh with â€Å"enthusiasm†. However if nothing had been changed, then the very fact that the account was from a journalist, with insight to the â€Å"political behind the scenes† makes the source a significant one. On the other hand, Source B is by the Nazi Supreme Court. However the noteworthy element about this source is the fact that it is secret. Thus, meaning it is not intentionally prepared for use in the â€Å"political outside†. Therefore, there could be some element of truth in it, making it somewhat useful. However, there are some incorrect statements in the source. Consequently, I have come to the conclusion that Source A is the more useful out of the two sources for anybody studying Kristallnacht. This is because the source is a more reliable source in terms of its content. 2. The clear impression conveyed to the reader of source C is that Kristallnacht was calculated, precise attack on the Jews. Also, Mr. Buffman conveys Kristallnacht as a horrific act of terror. Mr. Buffman has written this as a first hand account, thus, many parts are down to opinion: â€Å"all of the local crowds were obviously horrified by the Nazis' acts†. Mr. Buffman 3. All three sources convey a general meaning about the events of Kristallnacht: an event disgustingly horrific both morally and physically. Source C and E particularly support each other. Both sources mention the fact that SA/SS men in no uniform had â€Å"been provided with hammers, axes and firebombs†, destroying Jewish synagogues, homes and shops. Source C also implies a calculated, organised riot; source E also conveys this as it states that a â€Å"list of names and addresses of all Jewish shops was provided†. Source E also backs up the statement Mr. Buffman made in Source C concerning the action taken by the German population: â€Å"Most German people have nothing to do with these riots†. Source E must be a reliable source to back up Source C as it is seemingly from a civil servant, working in a day-to-day job with political administrators. Source D also talks about the horrors leading up to Kristallnacht, although not in as much detail as in Sources C and E. The German Jew talks of â€Å"acts of terror†, the ‘decrees' passed on to force Jews to sell their belongings and â€Å"go away†, the ‘decree' passed on by Hitler to encourage emigration. Thus, source D does insinuate to the calculated and efficient riots that the government did organise. All of these sources are first hand accounts of the attacks on the Jews on Kristallnacht, thus they must be at least accurate, in terms of what they have interpreted to have witnessed. In looking at the chronology of events leading up to and after Kristallnacht, it seems that the ‘decrees' made were there to expel Jews from German society. Kristallnacht seemed to be a coincidence in between these events, with the Nazi's taking full advantage of this. Examples of which are 1) the Jewish minority being forced to pay compensation after the events of Kristallnacht 2) Jews forbidden to visit theatres, cinemas or concerts and 3) expulsion of all Jewish pupils from their schools. The purpose of sources C, D and E is a united one; a need to convey the horrific events, and the truth behind the smoke-screen of newspaper headlines: â€Å"a spontaneous wave of anger†¦ cowardly Jewish murder of Von Rath in Paris†

Les Demoiselles d’Avignon

Weller like† â€Å"bottle, glass and violin â€Å"Queering†, and † dove of peace. † Picasso had four paintings in the list of the top 10 highest auction price paintings. In an opinion poll he had been overwhelmingly elected to the greatest artist of the 20th century. And he is the first artist seen his works collected into the Louvre alive. Once, Picasso father found he was painting an unfinished sketch of a pigeon. After observing the precision of his son's technique, Picasso father realized that his 13 years old son has surpassed him, and he swore that he will never paint again.Picasso is a genius painter. Most of Picasso paintings have rich styling, which meaner the use of space color and line. 20th century is a fast changing world, and this century belongs to Picasso. After the age of 30, Picasso entered one after another restless exploration period. Just like his personal life, his works are lack of consistency, continuity and stability. He did not have fixed ideas like many other artists, which made his art fickle and elusive. The world never had an artist who restructured art like Picasso.Picasso had many influential paintings, and â€Å"Queering† was one of them. Picasso completed the painting of â€Å"Queering† in 1937. The medium of the painting is oil on canvas. â€Å"Queering† is primarily a war painting, offering a visual account of the devastating and chaotic impact of war on civilians. In this ABA 2 painting, people are screaming, crying and escaping from the bombing, some people are still alive, but some already dead. Humans and animals Jumbled together into a background of broken hard-edged geometric shapes, reminiscent of Cubism.Compare to Picasso other paintings in his Blue and Rose Periods the predominant color of â€Å"Queering† is mostly black, which might symbols death. Picasso Queering is most likely influenced by Francisco De Soya, a Spanish artist who often painted war paintings. 19 06 to 1909 was Picasso African Period. During this period Picasso Style which was strongly influenced by African sculpture and traditional African masks. â€Å"Less Demolishes Davidson† is an oil painting painted in 1907. Demolishes Davidson† was a name given by the French poet And © Salmon. The painting was originally called â€Å"El Border Davidson†. The painting was influenced by Paul Cezannes â€Å"The Bathers†. Picasso stroke out two men figures in the painting and only pet the five women figures. The reductionism and contortion of space in the painting was incredible, and dislocation of faces explosive. This painting exposed the true genius and novelty of Picasso passion. The women appear as slightly menacing and rendered with angular and disjointed body shapes.Three figures in the painting exhibit facial features in the Iberian style of Picasso native Spain, while the other two are shown with African mask features. Picasso African Period laid a so lid foundation for the Cubist revolution. Picasso made valuable contributions to art throughout his entire life. Pablo Picasso was born in a poor family in southern Spain. His father was a painter who specialized in naturalistic depictions of birds and other game. The family moved to A Corona in 1891, because Picasso father became a professor at the School of Fine Arts.Picasso showed a passion and a skill for drawing from an early age. At the age of 7, Picasso father started to train him about sketch and painting. And during the trainings Picasso showed that he had thoroughly grasped naturalistic conventions at a very young age. In 1895, Picasso 7 year old sister Contain died of diphtheria. And Picasso was traumatized by her death. After some incomplete sessions of art school in Barcelona ABA 3 and Madrid, Picasso spent his adolescence associating with the group of Catalan modernists who gathered at Else Equate Cats in Barcelona.From there he moved to Paris, where he quickly found l ikened poets and painters. His work began to attract serious critical attention and praise by the time he was twenty. His first mature work was around 1901, which is classified as his Blue Period. He painted anecdotal scenes of clowns, vagrants, and prostitutes, all in tones of blue. Important early works include his â€Å"Self- Portrait† (1901) and â€Å"La Vie† (1903). As the time moved forward, Picasso painting developed, and he met the right people in Paris. In 1904, he met Oliver a Bohemia model and they fell in love, and his Rose Period began.His subject matter remained much the same compare to his Blue Period, but his tones were warmer, rosier with orange and pink colors, and the atmosphere of his paintings was gayer. And Olivier appears in many of his Rose Period paintings. This is sometimes called Picasso Rose Period, but really there was no marked technical change between this and the Blue Period. Picasso African influenced Period was during 1907 to 1909 and formal ideas developed during this period lead directly into the Cubist period that follows.During 1909 to 1912 Picasso and Georges Braque's developed Cubism. Cubism is one of the most radical restructuring of the way that a work of art constructs its meaning. Cubism is a term that was derived from a reference made to geometric schemes and cubes. Cubism has been known as the first and the most influential of all movements in 20th century art. Before Picasso did any cubism paintings, there were works exhibiting a raw intensity and violence due to his reading of monoester art aligned with European primitivism.This contrasting position provided the dynamic for Picasso work. In his paintings such as Mother and Child, Picasso showed the fetishistic and simplifying aspects of primitivism. In his paintings Picasso used bright hues and subdued grays and earth colors. And he found out that shapes could have meaning and identities by their arrangement. Pablo Picasso died on 8 April 1973 in No ggins, France. And he was buried in the grounds of a chi ¤attain the village of Buenaventura in the south of France.But his contribution for art secured his immortality ABA 4 Pablo Picasso a genius artist in the 20th century, made tremendous contributions to art throughout his entire life. Throughout his life, he created hundreds and thousands of paintings with different styles, from Surrealist to neo-classical, shows that his artistic vitality transcends any one style. When people asked about the secret of his artistic creation, he replied â€Å"People don't realize what they have when they own a picture by me. Each picture is a phial with my blood. That is what has gone into it. † Pablo Picasso is a real genius. Les Demoiselles d’Avignon Weller like† â€Å"bottle, glass and violin â€Å"Queering†, and † dove of peace. † Picasso had four paintings in the list of the top 10 highest auction price paintings. In an opinion poll he had been overwhelmingly elected to the greatest artist of the 20th century. And he is the first artist seen his works collected into the Louvre alive. Once, Picasso father found he was painting an unfinished sketch of a pigeon. After observing the precision of his son's technique, Picasso father realized that his 13 years old son has surpassed him, and he swore that he will never paint again.Picasso is a genius painter. Most of Picasso paintings have rich styling, which meaner the use of space color and line. 20th century is a fast changing world, and this century belongs to Picasso. After the age of 30, Picasso entered one after another restless exploration period. Just like his personal life, his works are lack of consistency, continuity and stability. He did not have fixed ideas like many other artists, which made his art fickle and elusive. The world never had an artist who restructured art like Picasso.Picasso had many influential paintings, and â€Å"Queering† was one of them. Picasso completed the painting of â€Å"Queering† in 1937. The medium of the painting is oil on canvas. â€Å"Queering† is primarily a war painting, offering a visual account of the devastating and chaotic impact of war on civilians. In this ABA 2 painting, people are screaming, crying and escaping from the bombing, some people are still alive, but some already dead. Humans and animals Jumbled together into a background of broken hard-edged geometric shapes, reminiscent of Cubism.Compare to Picasso other paintings in his Blue and Rose Periods the predominant color of â€Å"Queering† is mostly black, which might symbols death. Picasso Queering is most likely influenced by Francisco De Soya, a Spanish artist who often painted war paintings. 19 06 to 1909 was Picasso African Period. During this period Picasso Style which was strongly influenced by African sculpture and traditional African masks. â€Å"Less Demolishes Davidson† is an oil painting painted in 1907. Demolishes Davidson† was a name given by the French poet And © Salmon. The painting was originally called â€Å"El Border Davidson†. The painting was influenced by Paul Cezannes â€Å"The Bathers†. Picasso stroke out two men figures in the painting and only pet the five women figures. The reductionism and contortion of space in the painting was incredible, and dislocation of faces explosive. This painting exposed the true genius and novelty of Picasso passion. The women appear as slightly menacing and rendered with angular and disjointed body shapes.Three figures in the painting exhibit facial features in the Iberian style of Picasso native Spain, while the other two are shown with African mask features. Picasso African Period laid a so lid foundation for the Cubist revolution. Picasso made valuable contributions to art throughout his entire life. Pablo Picasso was born in a poor family in southern Spain. His father was a painter who specialized in naturalistic depictions of birds and other game. The family moved to A Corona in 1891, because Picasso father became a professor at the School of Fine Arts.Picasso showed a passion and a skill for drawing from an early age. At the age of 7, Picasso father started to train him about sketch and painting. And during the trainings Picasso showed that he had thoroughly grasped naturalistic conventions at a very young age. In 1895, Picasso 7 year old sister Contain died of diphtheria. And Picasso was traumatized by her death. After some incomplete sessions of art school in Barcelona ABA 3 and Madrid, Picasso spent his adolescence associating with the group of Catalan modernists who gathered at Else Equate Cats in Barcelona.From there he moved to Paris, where he quickly found l ikened poets and painters. His work began to attract serious critical attention and praise by the time he was twenty. His first mature work was around 1901, which is classified as his Blue Period. He painted anecdotal scenes of clowns, vagrants, and prostitutes, all in tones of blue. Important early works include his â€Å"Self- Portrait† (1901) and â€Å"La Vie† (1903). As the time moved forward, Picasso painting developed, and he met the right people in Paris. In 1904, he met Oliver a Bohemia model and they fell in love, and his Rose Period began.His subject matter remained much the same compare to his Blue Period, but his tones were warmer, rosier with orange and pink colors, and the atmosphere of his paintings was gayer. And Olivier appears in many of his Rose Period paintings. This is sometimes called Picasso Rose Period, but really there was no marked technical change between this and the Blue Period. Picasso African influenced Period was during 1907 to 1909 and formal ideas developed during this period lead directly into the Cubist period that follows.During 1909 to 1912 Picasso and Georges Braque's developed Cubism. Cubism is one of the most radical restructuring of the way that a work of art constructs its meaning. Cubism is a term that was derived from a reference made to geometric schemes and cubes. Cubism has been known as the first and the most influential of all movements in 20th century art. Before Picasso did any cubism paintings, there were works exhibiting a raw intensity and violence due to his reading of monoester art aligned with European primitivism.This contrasting position provided the dynamic for Picasso work. In his paintings such as Mother and Child, Picasso showed the fetishistic and simplifying aspects of primitivism. In his paintings Picasso used bright hues and subdued grays and earth colors. And he found out that shapes could have meaning and identities by their arrangement. Pablo Picasso died on 8 April 1973 in No ggins, France. And he was buried in the grounds of a chi ¤attain the village of Buenaventura in the south of France.But his contribution for art secured his immortality ABA 4 Pablo Picasso a genius artist in the 20th century, made tremendous contributions to art throughout his entire life. Throughout his life, he created hundreds and thousands of paintings with different styles, from Surrealist to neo-classical, shows that his artistic vitality transcends any one style. When people asked about the secret of his artistic creation, he replied â€Å"People don't realize what they have when they own a picture by me. Each picture is a phial with my blood. That is what has gone into it. † Pablo Picasso is a real genius.