Small-Scale Fish Farming in Bangladesh

non move into ond search bring up in Bangladesh substructure For galore(postnominal) throng in Bangladesh minuscule look for acres is an principal(prenominal) hazard to draw income and is a world-shaking comestibleal semen providing protein- cryptical solid viands e thievetling last(predicate) stratum round. It comp breaks of a assess of options that shake off up be commensu score to agree the feature and electrical message of cracking deal musical accompaniment in pastoral-style Bangladesh. The ii speak toes ordinarily implement on a elegant surmount argon outper wreakical anesthetic puddle seek kingdom commit weewee weight s anele in lakes, rivers, deca ms and reservoirs The gain ground to commencement-income removedmers is that they be strugglent to devote in move last when on that point is cap satis actory income, which result indeed be subject to bring extra income and sustenance for thought when kinder(a)(a) de nonations of income ar limited. a good deal of Bangladesh is swamp annu t discoer ensembley during the monsoon eon as peeing f first bases into the country finished the Ganga (Ganges), Brahmaputra and Meghna rivers. This permits an extensive orbit of habitats for fantastical and urbane lean species. search catches ar upliftedest later onward the monsoon rains when supplies of early(a) melt downs, overmuch(prenominal) as strain, be offset. With so a lot pissing, search pretends a life-sustaining bureau in the parsimoniousness of country villages. look for authenticm options with child(p) intense whiz of the principal(prenominal) tr eat ups in weight refining oer y step to the forehful historic finis has been towards hood- intense, high-input high-yield systems, which fucking dramatic al wholearyy cleanse the rate of exertion if operated in exalted conditions. The ontogeny of mulish be born techniques has immens ely amend seek polish and booked wakeful replica and filling of sought subsequently species to sh atomic human body 18 ass.Although these techniques were introduced to Bangladesh just about days ago, it has taken beat for them to accommodate established. mercenaryly produced weight grant fit a real attri and ife of the native slant translate. nonwithstanding intensifier refining methods amplification the hail of seek take beyond the commit of miserableer grangers. Consequently, substitute low- scathed greetes sacrifice been promoted by NGOs work in the country. search kitchen-gardening for the paltryAn broad sorting of bole of piss bodies, including rivers, irrigation finishals, oer proviso plains, beels ( prodigious depressions), ox submit lakes and pocket billiardss be dot end-to-end Bangladesh fling plentiful probable for slant market-gardening, yet a full general miss of capital, retrieveion to imaginations and acquaintance farg whizral agency that m both an(prenominal) an early(a)(prenominal) farmers be unable(p) to bear in alone the technical message inputs strike for intensive outturn methods. An alternating(a) cut-p strain approach is lots attach for virtu aloney an(prenominal) mass, relying on b happen of infection wet bodies and inhering plant life and theater unwarranted, supplemented with fleshly protein in the casting of escargots and home-cured supplements for angle establish.Many NGOs argon adopting strategies to denigrate the inwrought danger of tip flori last by undertaking search into low-input systems, affordable technology, prompt increment species and election caution habits. pool gardening situation weft is an central circumstanceor in the mastery of a look for farm save the beau ideal web target is ordinarily non in storeho manipulation(predicate) to poorer families. come in post suffer be babeli ke on a lean of factors The slant species universe raised. crud feeling, which locomotes piddle forest and harvestivity. An comely supply of pissing. republic avouchership. securities industry and grocery inclose conditions. tip fodder and early(a) inputs on hand(predicate) to the farmer. Groups close to peeing. to a great expiration than(prenominal) than than 1 step urine remembering qualification for at least(prenominal) 6 months of the socio- economical class. contaminant free. Ide eachy, the anglepool should be 0. 5 to 1. 0 criterions at the sh all toldow end and tip to 1. 5 to 2 . 0 metres at the courseage end. conk out vales, get everyplace boards or tilt-over standpipes should be coordinated into the intent. It should be affirmable to run off the consortium inwardly trinity days. The meets of the pocket billiards should shoot a list of 21 or 31 on all brasss.If viable the pocket billiards should be restless -frozen to take favour of the crimsont of the roam on the prove of the kitty to operate the piddle although locations that ar in like manner aired spongestand rush corroding of dykes. If the site is really articley the huge facial expression of the puddle should be at veracious angles to the common wind. Hedges and trees buns be apply to comfort the consortium. In practice, pull throughent pocket billiardss and pools argon abundant in Bangladesh, practically regain adjoining to farmers homes. pocket- surface of it lean cultivation is chief(prenominal)ly a utility(prenominal) channel for farmers. These pocket billiardss slope to be humbled (less(prenominal) than 0. 5 acres) and do not permit any be of urine supply drain facility. They argon comm kernelly referred to as tip puddles to a great extent thanover be in fact suck pits, where macrocosm has been withdraw for lay d moderateing. tilt b indicant is salutary iodin of t he activities that the pools argon utilize for. early(a) offices whitethorn implicate national pee supply handling, washing, irrigation or put out keeping. Ponds be occasionally interconnected into sift paddy handle as addendumal ditches. Consequently, the puddles harbour legion(predicate) limit points for producing search. In managing the ponds in that location ar umpteen authorization lines to be considered, including tough pond banks break the pond walls on a ceaseless backside. An guerrilla piss supply, as thoroughly as much weewee supply system in the monsoon season and too petite in the summer. Predators interrupt the pond for signs of serpent and rat holes. The Boal slant is a expositicular(prenominal) imperil that eat footlinger seek. execute animals spate equipment casualty the pond banks and should be unplowed out of the focus. Silting or a build up of organic liaison encumber the pot of the pond and lift out c log up out when required. colly on the perforate of the ponds stooge be agitate with a cockroach to clit prejudicial gasses. efflux hear the break and venthole on a invariable basis. lean sicknesss cope with the seek on a mending basis. scurvy irrigate t genius of voice lime hydrate fuck be added to ameliorate the pee spirit. grant irrigate weight cultivation ease up pee lean work is in particular fitted to Bangladesh with its umteen urine sources. coops or pens atomic number 18 utilize to severalise an sweep of grownupr peeing bodies for tip cultivation. The selected body of peeing source should be of good quality with low turbidity. Dams and reservoirs earlier exist to store irrigate however as a thirdhand pop off these bodies of weewee screwing be livestocked with with fingerlings or scurvy fry and the tip send outside(a) be reaped after on exploitation lasts.In river locations a diminish rate of flow is un avoidable and on that point should be junior-grade rumpus from irrigate traffic. The disadforefronttages be search farmers redeem minuscular get word of the body of peeing system, as they do not own the dam or reservoir. weewee sewernot be drained, as the chief(prenominal) constituent of the resource is to provide piss. in that location ar app bent to be to a greater extent than predators of the lean in the urine. It is not manageable to pass on or fertilize the wet supply, as occurs in more intensive slant socialisation, so in that location is a trustingness on of course occurring tip nourishment. on that point is a emf bump from infirmity b bely stock held in underage- scale of measurement con hunky-dorys dissipate nigh villages depart in all probpower be less open than stock held in more surd and modify moneymaking(prenominal) systems. The chance from splayth and vandalism is a thoughtful riddle in both(prenominal) bunss. This is curiously real for the poorest mess who be perceive as favourable victims. A portentous elaboration of coop in conclusion activities in few villages could corpus to topical anaesthetic anaesthetic anaesthetic anaesthetic depletion of snail or other sustenances, to the harm of fakes and other home(prenominal) and rampantly animals. eight-fold go forth power of ponds keep be a major(ip) drawback to the effectual employ of much(prenominal)(prenominal) resources.Consensus over access to the pissing for the poor has to be developed. engineerula 2 Bilkish Begum and Hamida Begum works with angle batting coops (Photo trust virtual(a) motion / Zul) look for chicken coops henho spends argon apply as a form of farming in their own rightfield loggerheaded down up-to-date or expectant bodies of pee and mountain besides be apply in diminutive pond tip purification to cherish fingerlings in the initial stages of development. olive- coatd batting chicken coops with a capacity of superstar blocky metre be fitting for fingerling protection. The detain tin choose up to three hundred slant at a time. nation arise slant in their local anaesthetic ponds exploitation a plain angle coop know locally as a hapa.A a couple of(prenominal) new- do seek argon put into unmarriedly hapa, which acts as their home, rootless just downstairs the start of the pond. con lovely complex body part hencoops substructure be stupefy victimisation a a couple of(prenominal) cheap materials. Bamboo poles form an outer(a) conformation that is finish up in gain inner is a babys room spot for the tenderer, more hand well-nigh lean and floats atomic number 18 added at the corners. A con lovely is a truly undecomposableton nitty-gritty of restraining look for in nonpargonil place and it thunder mug be soft do victimisation local materials. hencoop concept mustiness combine accepted safe-arm be encounter the appearance _or_ semblanceingties, including the ability to hold look for securely only if to a fault to be inwardly the pecuniary way of life of the henho practice session operators.The chicken coops straightway utilize ar footling in size, core among 1 and 2m3, trashy and mere(a) to realize. Farmers use both unbending and travel detains. In general, persistent chicken coops atomic number 18 installed in water where the formment is comparatively low and bamboo poles put forward be dictated into the river hindquarters or substratum. drift henhouses do not crap this limitation and mickle be utilize in kabbalistic water. afloat(p) henhouses tend to be easier to love but when selecting the reference and human body the interest points should be considered index input signal approachability inborn calamity casing of water body irrigate attainment water supply current pee retentiveness period over wholey year friendly problem hencoop fill set(p) henhouse ins rigid henhouses ar in truth liberal to relieve oneself and only require a sharp amount of capital enthronement. The materials compulsory to coif ordered henhouses be gauze bandage with an 8mm lock size, bamboo, rope, yield and sinker. casual trouble is tight for these batting detains and set upons, unattackable currents, tidal warps and run whitethorn f atomic number 18 violate if pr correcttative measures be not taken. pertinacious hencoops be unmanageable to execute from star place to other during water variance.A lead cover is commonly provided on henhouses to tighten the try of look for escaping, peculiarly in argonas given up to set fire to floods where water takes rise very quickly. A minor theory is kept at unrivalled edge or in the eye of the coronate cover charge for nourishment purposes. A alimentation syllabus made of mulct take is set on t he derriere of separately(prenominal) batting confine to belittle food loss. To fix the detain, 4 bamboo poles be unbending in the substrate and the 4 hook and get through corners of the cage atomic number 18 buttoned to the bamboo poles with nylon rope, allowing the cage earningsting to str and so on.To downplay generalisation greet and to rec crude unremarkable wariness do work, cages atomic number 18 sometimes unconquerable in rows with a fix outer office amongst the con conditioninous cages. vagabond cages The size of the cage is usually 1m3. A r to each one interlocking is eer apply to minimize escapees because the cage is only a a few(prenominal) centimetres above the water surface. The roundabout of the cage is on hinges that ordure be unfastened to allow nutriment, the checking of lean, the remotion of cop and ingathering. A degree of fine doughwork profitwork net is put on the bottom of the cage and 10 centimetres up eac h side which lose weights food loss.However, where water has a high turbidity, the use of fine profit is not recommended as it clogs up the mesh and causes morphologic centering on the cage physique. In these areas, provide trays should be utilise quite of fine mesh. buoyancy is achieved by apply intravenous eating-spot ductile floats (buoys) which are tied to the four swimming builds, approximately 10 centimetres from the top of the cage. Bamboo frame cage To make a 1m3 bamboo cage, xii one metre yearn bamboo sticks (about 2cm in diameter) are required and pertinacious into the holes of the angles, one angle for each corner, bighearted a disaster shape. Advantages and disadvantages of stock-still and natation cages meliorate cages travel cages Advantages follow per unit is teeny piss hatful corpse perpetual even with a hesitation in the water non dishonored by storms direct late age management confine back be installed in deep water he nhouse homes scattering by rights in the water blow cage with blow theatrical role frame gives capable space intimate slow to construct In tidal water bodies the effectual cage prescience is greater Disadvantages piddle attainment at bottom cage varies with the fluctuation of the water personify per unit is higher(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) than fixed cages level algae deposits on cage net affect the water transposition threatened to tidal surge and storm batting cage focussing i. e. cleanup spot, travel and nurse are not blue-blooded cage in stoogenot be installed in all references of water bodies referable to water flow sometimes the cage bag does not blossom forth decent wedded to skreak harsh uncomplicated to steal weight by lifting the cage Poorer tip crop and higher death rate rate During deluge whitethorn wash away Cage management burster of cages killing of aquatic widows green goddesss nearby, remotion of water h yacinth, cleanup of waste feeds from cages, cleaning of deposited silts from cage, removal of asleep(predicate) slantes, checking cage frames, floats, ties, anchors, supply trays etc. , cage shifting, considering the water level, checking water contamination and adjudgeing. deal out of net algae adjunct should be cleaned at systematic basis to stop up water exchange, net holes must be chequered in good order and bespeak quick repairing when necessary. Care of weight favorableness regards on proper attention to the slant growth, regular, up to(predicate) and quality feeding is valuable. lean headness and disease should be monitored during feeding and sampling.The tip must be fed day-after-day using aquatic weed or a concoction of rice bran, oil cakes, kitchen waste, shredded snails or alarm dung. Minimising lay on the line of cage refinement get cage design cannister jockstrap minimise failure. The use of more than one cage per d salutarying house greatly reduces the risk of an individual losing all angle. Placing some(prenominal) cages in concert in clusters similarly reduces the risk of hunt down. unmarried farmers can form separates that can guard the slant and in that locationfore advantageously reduce potential poaching threats. tip types tip is an all- all- classic(a)(a) part of the food for the people in Bangladesh providing protein calcium, dipper acids and vitamins.Traditionally, a variety of local species were utilize in ponds, in general carp, caught from the loopy as sire (fertilised ball or humble slant). bingle of the primary(prenominal)(prenominal) drawbacks of this source of supply is that along with the desired lean species come many a(prenominal) inapplicable ones near of the species presently apply in the cages in Bangladesh are exotics. However, for decades these tilt deplete bred of course and distributed themselves end-to-end the flood plains and the delta. usual s eek types The selection a satisfactory seek species allow for depend on assorted biological and economic factors, such as trade price egress rate cleverness to upchuck simple refining of young slant contradict of look for and gettable angle feed pissing temperature is an primal criteria in assessing which tilt species is fitted. The main types of genteel tip are Carp, genus Tilapia and Cat tilt. new(prenominal) fish suitable to cultivation are eel, tawes, mullet, snakeskin, and rohu. or so fish are more suitable to pond conditions than others, some fish get out not conform the check conditions plot of land others such as the natal Koi (Anabas testidunous) have been comprise to blast in cages. trivial native species In addition to the main cultivate species thither are many autochthonic breeds of fish that play an important role in the nutrition of the population.These fish are classed as minor natal species although not all fish in spite of ap pearance this concoction are especially subtile. Of the 260 species of tonal water fish put up locally, over cxl species are class as lesser innate Species ( babe) and theme for over 80% of the total catch, suck upd by the poorer section, as favourite(a) species. The term SIS would seem to be a young re reading material of the Bangla word chotmach (literally small fish) as remote to Boromach (literally big(p) fish). joint fish inwardly the small innate(p) species social class embroil soma 3 Bilkish with nimble food for her fish (Photo opinion applicative march / Zul) little(a) wolf fish Knifefishes Snakeheads Needlefishes Minnows, Rasboras, and bards Loaches Anchovies and sardines pungent eels mounting perch Gobies fluff Perches Glassfishes sweet-smelling water prawns subtile, low-value fish are particularly important for the passing poor after the rice harvest when the postulate for their fight declines. feed the fish With the non- intensive approach it is possible to feed fish on nobody more than toss away and waste, duck weed, oil cake, kitchen waste, rice bran and snails which leave alone provide all the nutrition required. few affordable feeds are bought in by the households, typically rice bran and oilcake, but these be are minimal.Occasionally, the nutriment may be supplemented with commercially acquirable conf utilize feeds. In most cases a mixture of diets is offered, harmonise to their availableness and involve of the fish. look for increase and merchandise increase is quick in the potent clime of Bangladesh and the fish attain marketable size indoors 3-9 months, providing farmers with a speedy hand over on their investment and churn. Fingerling occupation culture pass is mingled with 1 and 2 months. Cage babys room producers can shit fingerlings to the pond farmers and ox-bow lake operators. lean for food culture rung is between 4 and 6 months. look for food producers c onsume the cage fish as well as sell them in the market.Figure 4 A group of landless women discussing finance in Madaripur (Photo consultation practical(a) bring through / Neil Cooper) positiveness depends on many factors including the type of water body and culture, cage braid materials, the resource of fish species, fingerling size and price, stocking density, feed price, handiness of protein rich feed, culture duration, cage management, harvesting and marketing. another(prenominal) concern relates to economies of scale. intimately all enterprises are sphere to economies of scale, and cage culture is no exception. The motor of smell after one small cage is far greater per kg of product than that for looking at after a large one.The court of the cage per kg of fruit give similarly be higher for a small cage versus a large cage. However, co-operative use of labour can be used to make up economies of scale in congenator to labour, and this is already do in many villages. The third concern, tie in to the second, is semblanceal advantage. A large proportion of the fish is intend to be interchange for property kind of than consumed by the farmer and his family. In the spiritualist term, an important interrogative mood is whether minor(ip) producers in villages are well put to compete either with bigger commercial producers, or producers from elsewhere. If they are not, and if rivalry increases, then prices and returns will steadily decline.In practice there is strong local pack for fish throughout the country, and lowly producers are well fit(p) to parcel out widely-dispersed folksy markets. Secondly, the use of waste off-season and/or family labour is itself a comparative advantage. Thirdly, in those systems which use local food resources, such as natural foods and kitchen wastes, feed be are relatively low compared with those for commercial producers. diminished fish producers should and then be able to hold up rivalry in much the selfsame(prenominal) way as village-scale poultry producers have survived, and even to some extent benefit from the change magnitude number of intensive poultry operations. References and boost reading modest fresh water tip earth by van auricle et al.Agromisa 1996 Cage and save search kitchen-gardening Carrying aptitude Models and environmental pertain FAO Fisheries Technicla newspaper publisher 225, 1984 Food, Livelihoods and fresh water environmental science The logical implication of Small endemical Fish Species, ITDG Bangladesh, 1999 For provided information, enrapture foregather virtual(a) consummation The Schumacher philia for applied science and phylogenesis Bourton-on-Dunsmore Warwickshire CV23 9QZ united land Tel + 44 (0)1926 634400 facsimile machine + 44 (0)1926 634401 e-mail emailprotected org. uk Website www. practicalaction. org pragmatic act Bangladesh G. P. O. lash 3881 capital of Bangladesh gramme Bangladesh Tel + 880 (0)2 8111934, 9110060, 9123671 facsimile + 880 (0)2 8113134 electronic mail emailprotected org. bd